If the ancestors of the present three millions of slaves had never been brought here,--if their descendants had never been propagated here, for the supposed value of their services, their places would have been supplied by white…

Instead of the three million slaves, of all colors, we should doubtless now have at least three million white, freeborn citizens, adding to the real prosperity of the country, and to the power of the Republic.

If the south had not had slaves to do their work for them, they would have become ingenious and inventive like the north, and would have enlisted the vast forces of nature in their service,--wind, and fire, and water, and steam, and…

The country might not have had so gaudy and ostentatious a civilization as at present, but it would have had one infinitely more pure and sound.

Is it enough if you have made the condition of a man or of a race a little better, or any better, if you have not made it as much better as you can?

What standard of morals do gentlemen propose to themselves?

If a fellow-being is suffering under a hundred diseases, and we can relieve him from them all, what kind of benevolence is that which boasts of relieving him from one, and permits him to suffer under the other ninety and nine?

Suppose the Samaritan had bound up a single wound, or relieved a single pang of the bleeding wayfarer who had fallen among thieves, and then had gone to the next inn and boasted of his benevolence.

He would only have shown the difference between a “good Samaritan” and a “bigot Samaritan.” The thieves themselves might have done as much.

But there is another inquiry which the champions of slavery have got to answer before the world and before Heaven.

If American slaves are better off than native Africans, who is to be thanked for it?

Has their improved condition resulted from any purposed plan, any well-digested, systematized measure, carefully thought out, and reasoned out, and intended for their benefit?

In all the southern statute books, and legislative records, there is no trace of any such scheme.

Laws, judicial decisions, the writing of political economists,--all treat the slave as a thing to make money with.

On every highroad patrols lie in wait to scourge him back if he attempts to visit father, mother, wife, child, or friend, on a neighboring plantation.

By day and by night, at all times and every where, he is the victim of an energetic and comprehensive system of measures, which blot out his senses, paralyze his mind, degrade and brutify his nature, and suppress the instinctive workings…

All the good that reaches him, reaches him in defiance of these privations and disabilities.

There are some blessings which the goodness of God will bestow in spite of human efforts to intercept them.

How are slaves made better, and from what motives are they made better, in this country?

There are certain virtues and sanctities which increase the pecuniary value of certain slaves; and there are certain vices and debasements which increase the market price of others.

But if he desires to make use of him to deceive and cajole and defraud, then he wishes to make him cunning and tricky and false.

If the master trains the slave to take care of his own children, or of his favorite animals, then he wishes to have him kind; but if he trains him for a tasker or a field overseer, then he wishes to have him severe.

Now, it is in this way that some of the Christian attributes of character, being directly convertible into money or money’s worth, enhance the value of a slave.

Hence, it is said in advertisements that a slave is pious, and, at the auction block, the hardened and heartless seller dwells upon the Christian graces and religious character of some slaves with the unction of an apostle.

So far from facilitating the increase of individual or national wealth, slavery retards both.