In a legal and constitutional sense, it must die at once.
Charles Sumner
The Public Record
Charles Sumner was an American lawyer and statesman who represented Massachusetts in the United States Senate from 1851 until his death in 1874. Before and during the American Civil War, he was a leading American advocate for the abolition of slavery, and after the war he was a key figure in the Reconstruction era, during which he and other Radical Republicans successfully fought to end slavery and ensure basic rights for Black Americans. He continued advocating for racial equality until his death, lobbying in his final days for a civil rights bill that served as a model for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Historians credit Sumner with coining the phrase "equality before the law," which he first used as part of an early attempt to integrate Boston's public school system.
The moment that the States fell, Slavery fell also; so that, even without any proclamation of the President, Slavery ceased to have legal and constitutional existence in every Rebel State.
Holding every acre of soil and every inhabitant within its jurisdiction, Congress can easily do whatever is needful within Rebel limits to assure freedom and save society.
Those citizens in the Rebel States who throughout the darkness of the Rebellion have kept their faith will be protected, and the freedmen rescued from hands that threaten to cast them back into Slavery.
Had it been early recognized that Slavery depends exclusively upon the local government, and falls with that government, who can doubt that every Rebel movement would have been checked?
Let it be established in advance, as an inseparable incident to every Act of Secession, that it is not only impotent against the National Constitution, but that, on its occurrence, both soil and inhabitants lapse beneath the jurisdiction…
Let this principle be adopted, and it will contribute essentially to that consolidation of the Union which was so near the heart of Washington.
The fires which seem to be extinguished will only be covered by treacherous ashes, out of which another conflagration will spring to wrap the country in war.
Union men in Virginia already tremble at the thought of being delivered over to a State government wielded by original Rebels pretending to be patriots; but the freedmen, who have only recently gained their birthright, are justified in…
In the name of Heaven, let us spare no effort to save the country from such shame, and an oppressed people from the additional outrage.
You cannot enact the slave into a freeman by bill in Congress.
Once free, always free.” This is a rule of law and an instinct of humanity.
It is a self-evident axiom, which only tyrants and slave-traders have denied.
The brutal pretension thus flamingly advanced already puts us all on our guard.
There must be no chance or loophole for such intolerable, Heaven-defying iniquity.
Alas! there have been crimes in human history, but I know of none blacker than this.
There have been acts of baseness, but I know of none more utterly vile.