It entitles all to vote without distinction of color.
Charles Sumner
The Public Record
Charles Sumner was an American lawyer and statesman who represented Massachusetts in the United States Senate from 1851 until his death in 1874. Before and during the American Civil War, he was a leading American advocate for the abolition of slavery, and after the war he was a key figure in the Reconstruction era, during which he and other Radical Republicans successfully fought to end slavery and ensure basic rights for Black Americans. He continued advocating for racial equality until his death, lobbying in his final days for a civil rights bill that served as a model for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Historians credit Sumner with coining the phrase "equality before the law," which he first used as part of an early attempt to integrate Boston's public school system.
Such is my sense not only of the importance, but of the necessity of this measure, so essential does it appear to me for the establishment of peace, security, and reconciliation, which I so earnestly covet, that I am unwilling to see it…
I believe I am not wrong, when I say there is everywhere a disposition to reduce taxation, whether on foreign or domestic articles.
I insist, that, in imposing this duty, you not only change the existing law, but you depart from the standing policy of republican institutions.
We have had education free: in other words, we have undertaken to fill the mind and to clothe the mind at the public expense.
But why should New England, which has a natural resource comparatively near at home, be compelled at great sacrifice to drag her coal from these distant supplies?
It is a grand and beneficent exercise of existing powers, for a long time invoked, but now at last grasped.
His confidence never ceased; his energies never flagged.
That the new governments must be founded on an unalterable basis of loyalty, and to that end no Rebels must be allowed to exert influence or agency in the formation of the new governments.
Now I insist that all these are in the nature of guaranties of future peace, and we should not hesitate in doing all within our power to secure them.
I will not, by my vote, consent to any such thing.
You have already most solemnly voted to require in every new constitution suffrage for all, without distinction of race or color or previous condition.
As often as I think of these temptations, I feel their insignificance by the side of solemn obligations.
I am satisfied that the dishonoring of this treaty, after what has passed, would be a serious responsibility for our country.
The natives, who had enslaved each other, became in turn the slaves of these mercenary adventurers.
But a slave once a freedman has all the rights of a Koloschian.
That of the Kenaian peninsula is the best and the most extensive.
But more important than the Pacific States of the American continent are the great empires of Japan and China, with uncounted populations depending much on fish.
Commerce will find new arms, the country new defenders, the national flag new hands to bear it aloft.
The shots of Concord and Lexington were heard here before their echoes began the tour of the globe.
Shots from here followed, and your beautiful fields bore testimony in blood.
He will pardon me for saying that he confounds right and power.
No caucus could constrain a Senator on such a question.
I am sorry to add that the Senate has declined to require of these people conditions which I think essential to republican government.
Let us at all hazards prevent the extension of Slavery and the increase of the Slave Power.





