I say nothing of his “Theory of Moral Sentiments,” constituting an important contribution to the science of Ethics, but come at once to his great work of political economy, entitled “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of…
Charles Sumner
The Public Record
Charles Sumner was an American lawyer and statesman who represented Massachusetts in the United States Senate from 1851 until his death in 1874. Before and during the American Civil War, he was a leading American advocate for the abolition of slavery, and after the war he was a key figure in the Reconstruction era, during which he and other Radical Republicans successfully fought to end slavery and ensure basic rights for Black Americans. He continued advocating for racial equality until his death, lobbying in his final days for a civil rights bill that served as a model for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Historians credit Sumner with coining the phrase "equality before the law," which he first used as part of an early attempt to integrate Boston's public school system.
Such has hitherto been the rapid progress of that country in wealth, population, and improvement, that, in the course of little more than a century, perhaps, the produce of American might exceed that of British taxation.
If in twenty years more America should have six millions of inhabitants, as there is a boundless territory to fill up, she must have five hundred representatives.
Upon these principles, if in forty years she should have twelve millions, a thousand; and if the inhabitants of the three kingdoms remain as they are, being already full of inhabitants, what will become of your supreme legislative?
Adams foretold the consequence of obstinately adhering to it, and the event hath too well verified his predictions.
The excellent man saw even the end of Slavery.
A great people, likely to be formed, in spite of all our efforts, into free communities, under governments which have no religious tests and establishments.
The Democratic party have loyally and honorably conditioned to uphold the Cincinnati platform and all its obligations.
Other Englishmen were in favor of independence, and saw our future also; but I doubt if any one can be named who was his equal in strenuous action, or in minuteness of foresight.
This is another instance where the stone rejected by the builders becomes the head of the corner.
His utterances deserve to be rescued from oblivion.
In this remarkable production independence was the least that he claimed for us.
Are these speakers and these newspapers united in conspiracy to deceive, or are they dupes?
North America is become a new primary planet in the system of the world, which, while it takes its own course, in its own orbit, must have effect on the orbit of every other planet, and shift the common centre of gravity of the whole…
North America is de facto an independent power, which has taken its equal station with other powers, and must be so de jure.… The independence of America is fixed as Fate.
Not only is the new power to take an independent place, but it is “to change the system of Europe.” For all this its people are amply prepared.
MY OLD FRIEND,--I write this to congratulate you on the establishment of your country as a free and sovereign power, taking its equal station amongst the powers of this world.
I shall not address you with the court titles of Gothic Europe, nor with those of servile Asia.
I will neither address your Sublimity or Majesty, your Grace or Holiness, your Eminence or Highmightiness, your Excellence or Honors.
What are titles, where things themselves are known and understood?
Spurning the idea of dishonest conspiracy, I cannot doubt that they believe what they say, and that what they say is true.
But why should the Democratic party be untrue to the covenants it has assumed?
Every inhabitant of America is, de facto as well as de jure, equal, in his essential, inseparable rights of the individual, to any other individual,--is, in these rights, independent of any power that any other can assume over him, over…
You are going to a New World, formed to exhibit a scene which the Old World never yet saw.
You leave me here in the Old World, which, like myself, begins to feel, as Asia hath felt, that it is wearing out apace.





