They recalled that the Pretorian Guard of Rome was an instrument in furthering the ambition of those who would suppress free institutions and who were to assume despotic power.

Stephenson organized this Grand Army of the Republic to preserve the essence of that army in its finest characteristic, in its democracy and in its patriotism.

More than that, the Grand Army of the Republic is most useful in this: it represents the concentrated opinion of the men who fought in the war to preserve the Union, and it therefore may give authoritative expression, which no other body…

I can conceive no bond of union stronger than that which unites the men who fought from '61 to '65 in the Grand Army.

In the absence of the Secretary, the First Assistant Secretary, and the Assistant Secretary of the Interior Department, the Assistant Attorney-General for the Interior Department is hereby designated as Acting Secretary.

It is hereby ordered that the following land in Arizona, being a part of those withdrawn by Executive Order of December 12, 1882, for use of the Papago Indians, be, and hereby are, restored to the public domain: Section 16 and sections 19…

I am informed that a 2 per cent. tax of this character would bring into the Treasury of the United States not less than $25,000,000.

It is undoubtedly a power the National Government ought to have.

If the court should maintain its former view, no tax would be collected at all.

It imposes a burden at the source of the income at a time when the corporation is well able to pay and when collection is easy.

This course is much to be preferred to the one proposed of enacting a law once judicially declared to be unconstitutional.

For the Congress to assume that the court will reverse itself, and to enact legislation on such an assumption, will not strengthen popular confidence in the stability of judicial construction of the Constitution.

Another merit of this tax is the federal supervision which must be exercised in order to make the law effective over the annual accounts and business transactions of all corporations.

The tax on net income is preferable to one proportionate to a percentage of the gross receipts, because it is a tax upon success and not failure.

If it should ultimately reverse itself, still no taxes would have been collected until after protracted delay.

This order shall take effect not later than six months from the date of the promulgation thereof, except for the use of old French dump cars in use on the Panama Canal, including also the couplers of locomotives necessary to operate them…

In the Standard Oil case the Supreme and Circuit Courts found the combination to be a monopoly of the interstate business of refining, transporting, and marketing petroleum and its products, effected and maintained through thirty-seven…

The tobacco suit presented a far more complicated and difficult case than the Standard Oil suit for a decree which would effectuate the will of the court and end the violation of the statute.

It is not intended thereby to prevent the accumulation of large capital in business enterprises in which such a combination can secure reduced cost of production, sale, and distribution.

It is directed against such an aggregation of capital only when its purpose is that of stifling competition, enhancing or controlling prices, and establishing a monopoly.

If we shall have by the decree defeated these purposes and restored competition between the large units into which the capital and plant have been divided, we shall have accomplished the useful purpose of the statute.

I venture to say that not in the history of American law has a decree more effective for such a purpose been entered by a court than that against the Tobacco Trust.

And, on the other hand, the successful reconstruction of this organization should teach that the effect of enforcing this statute is not to destroy, but to reconstruct; not to demolish, but to re-create in accordance with the conditions…

The immediate result of the present situation will necessarily be activity by all the companies under different managers, and then competition must follow, or there will be activity by one company and stagnation by another.

But now that the anti-trust act is seen to be effective for the accomplishment of the purpose of its enactment, we are met by a cry from many different quarters for its repeal.