And when there is a difference of view on that very often collective bargaining is a very good way of resolving that.

I taught school for 12 years.

We must ensure quality and accountability for both types of programs through data systems that measure effectiveness.

Judy Biggert has shown great love, great knowledge and great support for education.

I am leaving Congress this year after 36 years of service.

I just--I just cannot top that. Thanks a lot. Thank you very, very much.

As a former teacher myself, I believe the conversation about teacher quality is a very important one.

Alternative certification of teachers may provide one option to increase the supply of teachers, especially in the subject shortage areas and high needs schools.

Alternative certification is only one tool. It is not the answer by itself.

Unfortunately, our request was refused.

We look forward to a second day of hearings on this topic.

Are there elements of the Canadian system that perhaps we could emulate, embrace, or are there some elements that we should avoid?