On natural principles of law and reason, these persons are simply partners; and their private properties, like those of any other partners, should be held liable for their partnership debts.
Lysander Spooner
The Public Record
Lysander Spooner was an American abolitionist, entrepreneur, lawyer, essayist, natural rights legal theorist, pamphleteer, political philosopher, and writer often associated with the Boston anarchist tradition.
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All those State laws, commonly called acts of incorporation, by which a certain number of persons are licensed to contract debts, without having their individual properties held liable to pay them, are laws impairing the natural obligation…
A married woman has the same natural right to acquire and hold property, and to make all contracts that she is mentally competent to make reasonably, as has a married man, or any other man.
All the State laws, that do now forbid, or that have heretofore forbidden married women to make any or all contracts, that they are, or were, mentally competent to make reasonably, are violations of their natural right to make their own…
It certainly is not to be determined by any arbitrary legislation, that shall deprive any one of his natural right to make contracts.
If a person's mental capacity to make reasonable contracts be drawn in question, that is a question of fact, to be ascertained by the same tribunal that is to ascertain all the other facts involved in the case.
And as soon as they are mentally competent to make reasonable contracts, they have the same natural right to make them, that they ever can have.
Nearly all persons, male and female, are mentally competent to make reasonable contracts, long before they are twenty-one years of age.
There would be just as much sense in saying that it was to be determined by his height or his weight, as there is in saying that it should be determined by his age.
And his mental capacity to make reasonable contracts is certainly not to be determined by the fact that he is, or is not, twenty-one years of age.
The mental capacity of a person to make reasonable contracts, is the only criterion, by which to determine his legal capacity to make obligatory contracts.
Subject to these conditions, all contracts whatsoever, for conveying rights of property--that is, for buying and selling, borrowing and lending, giving and receiving property--are naturally obligatory, and bind such rights of property as…