The strength of a nation lies in the unity and integrity of its people.

The strength of a nation is its people.

Equality before the law is the foundation of justice.

A well-informed citizenry is essential to a functioning democracy.

The nation which indulges towards another a habitual hatred or a habitual fondness is in some degree a slave.

A nation that values its freedom must also value its education and its institutions.

The rights of individuals must be protected against infringement by the state.

The people must be vigilant and alert to maintain their freedom.

I anticipate with pleasing expectation that retreat in which I promise myself to realize, without alloy, the sweet enjoyment of partaking, in the midst of my fellow citizens, the benign influence of good Laws under a free Government.

The extraordinary expenses to be incurred in the present year in supporting our foreign intercourse I find will require a provision beyond the ordinary appropriation and the additional $20,000 already granted.

The measures now in operation for taking possession of the posts of Detroit and Michilimackinac render it proper that provision should be made for extending to these places and any others alike circumstanced the civil authority of the Northwestern Territory.

I lay before you, for your consideration and advice, an explanatory article proposed to be added to the treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation between the United States and Great Britain.

I now nominate Jeremiah Wadsworth to be a commissioner to hold a treaty with the Cohnawaga Indians.

Herewith I lay before you a letter from the Attorney-General of the United States, relative to compensation to the attorneys of the United States in the several districts, which is recommended to your consideration.

admission as a State, by its Delegates, into the Congress of the United States, on an equal footing with the original States in all respects whatever

the right of forming a permanent constitution and State government

I nominate as commissioners on the part of the United States.

It is thus that the treaty-making power has been understood by foreign nations.