W.E.B. Du Bois: “The colleges they founded were social settlements; homes where the best of the sons of the freedmen came in close and…”

Alas, with the years all this fine contempt began to fade; for the words I longed for, and all their dazzling opportunities, were theirs, not mine.

So the Cotton Kingdom still lives; the world still bows beneath her sceptre.

Fully ninety-four per cent have struggled for land and failed, and half of them sit in hopeless serfdom.

By 1830 slavery seemed hopelessly fastened on the South, and the slaves thoroughly cowed into submission.