Frederick Douglass: “Your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity.”

Another ground of hope for our race is in the progress of education.

To-day the negro, starting from nothing, pays taxes upon six millions in Georgia, and forty millions in Louisiana.

The nation or people which shall comply with them will rise, and those which violate them will fall, and perhaps will disappear altogether.

Nothing but the shot-gun or the bull-dozer’s whip can keep them from voting their convictions.