We see a general legal persuasion ever in process of more and more distinct formation uniting all civilised peoples.
Editor's note · Context
Holland notes the ongoing formation of a legal consensus among civilized nations.
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This being so, it is necessary to recognise also that increased humanity in the mode of making war has in reality followed upon the gradual softening of manners.
The justification of a resort either to reprisals or to war, in any given case, depends, of course, upon the nature of the acts complained of, and upon the validity of the excuses put forward either for the acts themselves, or for failure…
The progress of civilisation should have the effect of alleviating as much as possible the calamities of war.
Pacific reprisals should also, according to the tendency of modern opinion and practice, be so applied as not to interfere with the interests of third Powers and their subjects.





